Document everything. Found a useful link that helped you configure something? Copy the link. Finally got your proxy working right? Save the config. Even just make notes of how you set things up.
Refine and build you notes along with your knowledge.
Eventually, consider keeping all your config files in a self-hosted repository like Gitea.
Oh, and when stuff breaks it’s probably DNS.
Per Caddy documentation, port 80 is also required, and now I suspect the not serving that port is causing Caddy to fail to issue you a tls certificate.
Try adding a simple text response like this (warning, formatting may not be perfect due to typing on mobile). Also setup a port forward on your router to your caddy host on port 80.
my-domain.com:80 { respond “Buzz off” }
Hopefully this will kick off the tls registration and then get your site on 443 working as well.